Nutritional and ecological perspectives of the interrelationships between diet and the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis: Insights from marmosets

Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, have shown potential links between diet components, microbiome composition, and modulation immune responses. In this review, we reanalyze discuss findings an outbred marmoset EAE which a yogurt-based dietary supplement decreased disease frequency severity. We show that although has detectable effects on fecal microbiome, changes are more strongly associated with development. Using ecological framework, further dominant factors influencing gut microbiota were sibling pair time point. These emphasize challenges assigning cause-and-effect relationships studies diet-microbiome-host interactions differentiating from other environmental, stochastic, host-related factors. advocate for experiments to be designed allow causal inferences microbiota's role pathology while considering complex processes shape microbial communities. 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